is a genre blending harsh, mechanical sounds with electronic elements, often incorporating noise, distortion, and repetitive rhythms. Emerging in the late 1970s, it draws from experimental, punk, and electronic music, using unconventional instruments like metal, machinery, and samples. Themes often explore dystopian, anti-establishment, and transgressive subjects. Artists like Throbbing Gristle and Ministry helped shape its aggressive, gritty sound, pushing boundaries of music and performance.
